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see the vestiges of it in the teeth of many species. In this section, we will go over some of the ways in which tribosphenic teeth have been modified. Keep an eye on how the main cusps are changed as mammals adapt to different feeding styles and food consistencies. A zalambdodont upper molar is characterized by a V-shaped crest (an ectoloph). The largest cusp is at the apex of the V (on the lingual or tongue side of the tooth). This cusp is believed to be homologous with the paracone of a tribosphenic tooth
Press: Ithaca, NY. Roze, U., Locke, D.C. & Vatakis, N. 1990. Antibiotic properties of porcupine quills. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 16(3), 725–734. Stankowich, T. 2011. Armed and dangerous: predicting the presence and function of defensive weaponry in mammals. Adaptive Behavior, 20(1): 32-43. Vaughan, T., Ryan, J., & Czaplewski, N. 2011. Mammalogy. Jones & Bartlett Learning. Vincent, J.F.V. 2002. Survival of the cheapest. Materials Today, 5(12): 28-41. Vincent, J.F.V. & Owers, P. 1986. Mechanical design
pp. Mayer, W. V. 1952. The hair of California mammals with keys to the dorsal guard hairs of California mammals. American Midland Naturalist, 48:480-512. McLoughlin, J. C. 1980. Synapsida. Viking Press, N.Y. xii+148 pp. Miles, W. B. 1965. Studies of the cuticular structure of the hairs of Kansas bats. Search, Univ. Kansas Publications, 5:48-50. Pough, F. H., J. B. Heiser, and W. N. McFarland. 1989. Vertebrate Life. Third Edition. Macmillan Publishing Co., New York. xiv+904 pp. Savage, R. J. G., and M. R
Intrinsic hand proportions of euarchontans and other mammals: Implications for the locomotor behavior of plesiadapiforms, J. Hum. Evol. 55, 278–299 (2008). M. J. Tulli, F. B. Cruz, A. Herrel, B. Vanhooydonck, V. Abdala, The interplay between claw morphology and microhabitat use in neotropical iguanian lizards, Zoology 112, 379–392 (2009). Q. Ji et al., The earliest known eutherian mammal, Nature 416, 816–822 (2002). F. A. Jenkins, D. McClearn, Mechanisms of hind foot reversal in climbing mammals, J
Rutgers University * editor (7) * instructor (7) Howe, David V. Rutgers University
instructor (7) Howe, David V. Rutgers University * editor (39) Howell, Darin Minnesota State University Mankato * author (1) Hsiao, Alesia