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Panthera tigris tiger
are often asymmetrical. The tail is reddish-orange and ringed with several dark bands. Body size and morphology varies considerably among subspecies of tigers. Siberian tigers, also know as Amur tigers (P. t. altaica), are the largest. Male Siberian tigers can grow to 3.7 meters and weigh over 423 kg; females are up to 2.4 meters in length and 168 kg. Male Indochinese tigers (P. t. corbetti), though smaller than Siberian tigers in body size at 2.85 meters in length and 195 kg, have the longest skull of all
Crotalus tigris Tiger Rattlesnake
perception in tiger rattlesnakes. However, like other vipers, tiger rattlesnakes have heat sensing pits to detect prey and predators. Tiger rattlesnakes generally feed on lizards and small mammals such as pocket mice, kangaroo rats, deer mice, and woodrats. Their venom is considered the most toxic of all neotropical rattlesnakes and contains a myotoxin known to cause muscle necrosis and a neurotoxin similar to Mojave toxin. Like all venomous snakes, tiger rattlesnakes inject venom into prey through long
Cnemidophorus tigris Tiger Whiptail
Ambystoma tigrinum Eastern Tiger Salamander; Tiger Salamander
of habitat types. The tiger salamander's food source consists of worms, snails, insects, and slugs in the wild; while captive specimens rely on smaller salamanders, frogs, newborn mice, and baby snakes. Tiger salamanders in the wild also tend to eat the same thing as captives, if opportunity presents itself (Indviviglio 1997). The larvae begin feeding on small crustaceans and insect larvae and once grown, they will feast on tadpoles and smaller salamander larvae and even small fish (Harding 1997). Tiger
Ambystoma mavortium Barred Tiger Salamander; Western Tiger Salamander
However, some juvenile salamanders may overwinter as larvae, hibernating and developing into terrestrial adults in spring. Barred tiger salamanders reach sexual maturity between the ages of four and five.Some barred tiger salamanders are neotenic, meaning they never go through metamorphosis. They are mostly found at high altitudes in western North America. Neotenic barred tiger salamanders still have gills and remain fully aquatic as adults. They can grow up to 10 cm longer than terrestrial barred tiger
Ambystoma californiense California Tiger Salamander
invertebrates on the ground surface. Aside from living in burrows, the anti-predator adaptations of Ambystoma californiense are currently unknown. California tiger salamanders rely heavily on Spermophilus beecheyi, a pest, for survival. These have ecological implications since conservation of California tiger salamanders would mean taking necessary precautions in controlling Spermophilus beecheyi without negatively impacting California tiger salamanders numbers.California tiger salamanders prey on many
Cicindela dorsalis northeastern beach tiger beetle
pupa becomes darker. The adult Cicindela dorsalis emerges through a slight hole in the dorsal portion of the pupal case, a process which requires two hours to complete. Mating occurs on warm, humid days. Female tiger beetles lay eggs individually into small depressions that will later be enlarged into burrows by the larvae as it matures. Tiger beetles are only known to produce one generation per year. Female tiger beetles have sensitive hairs on their abdomens that detect moisture content in the soil
Galeocerdo cuvier Leopard shark; Tiger Shark
juvenile tiger sharks, however, fall prey to other sharks. Female tiger sharks gives birth in a nursery, which provides protection during the birthing process and to pups in the absence of parents. The coloration of tiger sharks provides camouflage against predators as well. Humans also fish for tiger sharks. As top predators in their ecosystem, it is possible that tiger sharks control populations of prey species, although this has not been verified. Tiger sharks also serve as a host for remoras, which are
Carcharias taurus Dogfish shark; Ground shark; Sand Tiger
Grey nurse sharks, also called sand tiger sharks, can be found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans in temperate and tropical waters. They are found in warm seas, except for the eastern Pacific. They occur from the Gulf of Maine to Argentina in the western Atlantic, the coast of Europe to north Africa in the eastern Atlantic, in the Mediterranean sea, from Australia to Japan in the west Pacific, and off the coasts of South Africa. Grey nurse sharks are found in temperate and tropical waters. They are
tiger beetle larval burrow and roll them into the burrow, where they develop at the bottom and then crawl onto the tiger-beetle larva. When the tiger beetle larva begins to pupate, the bee-fly larvae consume it. Mites also parasitize tiger beetles. Ghost tiger beetles are undisturbed dune specialists and may be important environmental indicators of undisturbed habitat. There are no adverse effects of ghost tiger beetles on humans. Ghost tiger beetles have been extirpated from portions of their previous
unpalatable blue swallowtail. Eastern tiger swallowtails reach maturity in the spring. Many generations are produced each year and the last mature butterflies remain into mid-autumn. As with most butterflies, Eastern tiger swallowtails tend to be solitary. Males "patrol" for a mate, flying from place to place actively searching for females. "Patrolling" male tiger swallowtails can recognize areas of high moisture absorbtion by the sodium ion concentration of the area. It is believed that the moisture found
selecting oviposition sites.It is unclear whether California tiger moths exhibit the same dispersal patterns as Ranchman's tiger moths. However, given the similarities in life history between the two species, it is possible that their dispersal patterns are also similar. California tiger moths do not appear to defend territories, either as larvae or as adults. There is limited information regarding communication and perception in California tiger moths specifically. Caterpillars likely rely on chemical
Parasitoid bee-flies (Anthrax) lay eggs on the substrate near a tiger beetle larval burrow and roll them into the burrow, where they develop at the bottom and then crawl onto the tiger-beetle larva. When the tiger beetle larva begins to pupate, the bee-fly larvae consume it. Approximately 7% of festive tiger beetle larvae are attacked by parasitoid bee-flies. Mites also parasitize tiger beetles. Festive tiger beetles are interesting and attractive members of sandy habitat faunas throughout much of eastern
This species is considered large compared to other tiger moths, with forewings spanning 2.6 to 3.1 cm. Although not much is known about the behavior of the ranchman's tiger moth, the species undergoes complete metamorphosis. Beginning from small, yellow-green eggs, these tiger moths likely transition through 5 instars as caterpillars, as other members of the family Erebidae do. This species overwinters as larvae, with small caterpillars hatching in summer and pausing development until spring. Ranchman's
and grub-like in appearance. The part that is exposed from the burrow is colored like the surrounding soil surface. The larvae have large mandibles and eyes that allow them to see in three dimensions, similar to adults. They have two hooks on the fifth segment of their lower abdomen. An adult crimson saltflat tiger beetle lays its eggs in May. After the egg hatches, larva burrow into the ground. Similar species of tiger beetle larvae remain in the burrows for up to two years, where they go through three
further parental involvement once eggs and sperm have been released. The lifespan for wild and captive giant tiger prawns is about 2 years, though it has been suggested that individuals introduced into the Gulf of Mexico have a lifespan closer to 3 years. Giant tiger prawns are nocturnal feeders who often burrow into substrate during the day. They move about the ocean floor searching for food, which is picked up and manipulated by their pereopods and mouthparts. No published information regarding their
Cicindela hirticollis, commonly called the hairy-necked tiger beetle, is one of the most widely distributed tiger beetle species in North America, with its subspecies occupying more limited ranges. The subspecies Cicindela hirticollis hirticollis ranges from the southeast U.S. to New York state, and west to the southern Midwest. The subspecies Cicindela hirticollis rugifrons and Cicindela hirticollis rhodensis are present in the New England states and the upper Midwest. Cicindela hirticollis siuslawensis
California tiger salamanders (A. californiese) can only be found in California, along with some hybrid populations. Western tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) have a broader range in western North America, Canada, and Mexico. There are some exceptions, including most of the Great Basin as well as the Pacific Coast, Mojave deserts, and Coloradan deserts. Northwestern salamanders (A. gracile) range from California to Canada. Long-toed salamanders (A. macrodactylum) are found more inland than the other
U.S. Federal List, or State of Michigan List. However, their historic range is known to have been slightly different than their range is today. More research is needed to confirm that the present conservation status of spotted tussock moths is accurate. Spotted tussock moths are often also referred to as "yellow-spotted tiger moths" or "mottled tiger moths". Caterpillars are frequently misidentified, as there are many species with similar patterning in the family Erebidae, subfamily Arctiinae, and genus
Neofelis diardi Sunda clouded leopard; Enkuli clouded leopard; Sunda Islands clouded leopard; Sundaland clouded leopard
Sumatra, tigers are thought to be important predators, however, this has not been confirmed. During the day, Sundaland clouded leopards remain in the canopy more than during the night, presumably to avoid tigers. They are very well camouflaged, which likely helps reduce risk of predation. There is no information available regarding the potential impact that Neofelis diardi has on its local environment. Sundaland clouded leopards are illegally hunted for their coats and various body parts are used in
Rhodonessa caryophyllacea pink-headed duck
because they were the rarest of waterfowl. Their flesh was considered inferior and they were usually not eaten. They were often sold, however, in Calcutta markets. Became extinct as a result of clearing of land for agriculture and hunting. Many other species of animals, such as the Bengal Tiger, depend on the same wetland habitat that the Pink-headed duck depended upon. The Bengal Tiger is also declining as a result of the destruction of its habitat. The Pink-headed duck was just the first species to
Ursus thibetanus Asiatic black bear
are a favorite food of U. thibetanus leaves it susceptible to tiger attacks when the tiger returns to its kill and finds the bear feeding on the carrion. Asiatic black bears are the prey of Siberian Tigers. Asiatic black bears feed upon the carrion that the tigers kill, and if the bears are caught while feeding, they are killed and eaten by the tigers.Asiatic black bears feed upon grubs and insects, placing them on the third trophic level. As omnivores, they are secondary consumers.Studies conducted in
Spea hammondii Western Spadefoot
cyanellus), and several bullhead species (Ameiurus). These fish are found in breeding pools after they are introduced or washed into the pools. These fish (mosquitofish in particular) have been observed feeding on western spadefoot toads. Western spadefoot toad larvae serve as prey for California tiger salamanders. It has been found that the western spadefoot toads that were larvae in pools containing California tiger salamanders were consistently larger than toads that were not. There are no known
Muntiacus muntjak Indian muntjac
pheasants in India can rely on the barking noises made by the muntjac as a warning signal of an approaching predator. This could be a leopard or tiger which in turn can pose a threat to the hunters themselves. The muntjac itself can be hunted for its meat and skins. In some areas, where the population is large, they destroy a large number of trees by tearing off the bark. This in turn can lead to a loss of food sources as well as a loss of wood that can be used to provide shelter. A study done in 1987
Prionodon linsang banded linsang
ecotourism. The Banded Linsang is found in many parks and reserves throughout Thailand, and they could be a draw for wildlife observers. none noted CITES Appendix II. The banded linsang is the rarest of the civets. This animal is sometimes referred to as the Tiger-civet
Ambystoma mexicanum Salamandra ajolote
mexicanum is thought to be A. tigrinum, the tiger salamander. Indeed, the larvae of these species are visually very similar. Some even consider the axolotl to be a subspecies of the tiger salamander; viable offspring can be produced between the two species in the laboratory, though no hybrids have as of yet been discovered in the wild. Axolotls are excellent lab specimens as they are easy to raise and inexpensive to feed. They are renowned for their amazing regenerative capabilities, have been used widely
Bubalus bubalis water buffalo
together in a line. They are usually successful at driving tigers off, and water buffalo have been known to kill tigers with their horns. Tigers often have their success stalking single animals and focusing on juveniles. Bubalus bubalis is preyed upon by tigers, thus providing a food source for top predators. Remains of dead water buffalo are also fed upon by various scavengers. Large herds have been shown to impact the nesting sites of some birds such as magpie geese. Water buffalo have proven destructive
Hemitragus hylocrius Nilgiri tahr
Cymbopogon spp. Anti-predator adaptions in Nilgiri tahrs include group defense and using horns for defense. Native predators of the Nilgiri tahr are the tiger (Panthera tigris), Indian wolves (Canis lupus) and dholes (Cuon alpinus). Another major predator are humans who poach these animals by means of shooting and snaring. Nilgiri tahrs serve as a food source for predators such as tigers, wolves, and dholes. Their grazing maintains grass levels, which suppresses the probability of fire in grassland
As explained by their colloquial name, Asian tiger mosquitos (Aedes albopictus) are native to Eastern Asia, stretching into India, Japan, and several islands in the Pacific (Australasia). Due to A. albopictus excellent ability to colonize new environments, it has been introduced to a variety of other places in the world. Over the past thirty years the species has spread to Italy and other regions in the Mediterranean basin, as well as parts of Africa, Madagascar, Brazil, Central America, the Caribbean, and
Bos javanicus banteng
1999). In historic times banteng may also have been preyed upon by tigers, though most subspecies of tiger that occur throughout the range of banteng are currently extinct or severely endangered. Dhole may prey on young, elderly, or ill individuals.Their large size makes them invulnerable to many predators. Banteng are important members of the ecosystems in which they live. They are important in nutrient cycling and influence the composition of plant communities through their grazing and browsing activities
Neofelis nebulosa clouded leopard
leopards avoid humans and they are rarely found near human settlements. Clouded leopards share much of their range with tigers and leopards. In these shared areas clouded leopards seem to have a more arboreal and nocturnal lifestyle. The reason for this is undocumented, but researchers suspect that tigers and leopards kill clouded leopards to eliminate competition. Therefore, clouded leopards are more active at night and spend more time in trees to avoid these large predators. Their patterned coat serves as
Helarctos malayanus sun bear
along with scavenging tiger kills. In human populated areas their diet may include rubbish, livestock, and agricultural fruit such as bananas. Predation on sun bears is not reported. Because of their size they are likely to have few natural predators. Young bears may be killed by aggressive conspecifics or by tigers. In certain regions, sun bears are important in seed dispersal. In a study of H. malayanus in Borneo, one sample of these bear feces was found to contain 309 seeds of a certain species of plant
Naemorhedus caudatus Chinese goral
lichens and the leaves of evergreens and deciduous trees and shrubs in the winter. When snow is on the ground, they use their muzzles to push snow to uncover grass stems and shrubs. They may also eat fruit and nuts. They typically feed during the morning and late evening. Predators of Chinese gorals include lynx, snow leopards, tigers, and wolves in some areas. Humans are also considered a predator as they hunt and poach them for their fur, meat, and parts that can be used in medicine. They do not flee
Ambystoma laterale Blue-spotted Salamander
warmer months (Harding 1997). During the day they stay undercover out of the direct sunlight. They spend the summer and fall in damp forests, searching for food at night (Nova Scotia 1999). Length: 10-14cm.Blue-spotted salamanders have a long tail that is approximately 40% of its body length (Collicutt 1999). The salamander's tail is broadly oval at the base and compressed towards the tip. It is fleshier than A. jeffersonianum (Minton 1972). They also have a slimmer body than the tiger salamander A
Percina caprodes Log perch; Manitou darter; Zebra fish
clean riffles and can be found among the sand and gravel of fast moving streams and waters. Logperch lay their eggs in sand in lake shallows, or in gravel or sand in swift current, often in riffles, or in streams. Logperch have a unique tiger-like coloration which distinguishes them from other darters. Logperch have a pale-yellow base color, with narrow bars on the side and back. The head and snout are also uniquely conical for turning stones and sand. Logperch are not sexually dimorphic, and both males and
Rucervus duvaucelii barasingha
herd, rising in pitch if a predator is sighted. The alarm reaction persists until the barasinghas are certain danger is no longer near. The primary natural predators of barasinghas are tigers and leopards. Barasinghas are an important prey animal for tigers and leopards. They graze heavily on grasses and impact plant communities. Barasinghas that leave protected lands are hunted for food by humans. Barasinghas are shot and killed because they are thought to feed on crops, although there is no evidence to
Phoebastria immutabilis Laysan albatross
up prey from just under the surface. They can rip apart larger prey with their beaks. Tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvieri) prey on fledglings as they swim near breeding islands, eating about 1 in 10 fledglings. Tiger sharks can also attack adults. Polynesian rats (Rattus exulans) have also been reported to attack incubating adults and nestlings. Adults will protect their nests using their bills. In the main Hawaiian islands, introduced predators such as dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) have killed Laysan
Felidae cats
into two distinct subgroups, large cats and small cats. Generally, small cats are those that, due to a hardening of the hyoid bone, have an inability to roar. Felidae consists of 2 subfamilies, Pantherinae (e.g., lions and tigers) and Felinae (e.g., bobcats, pumas, and cheetahs). Felids are perhaps the most morphologically specialized hunters of all carnivores, often taking prey as large as themselves and occasionally taking prey several times their own size. Unlike other carnivores, felids rely almost
Bos frontalis gaur
into grassy areas to feed in the morning. The afternoon is spent resting and ruminating. More feeding ensues in the evening, and at night the herd reenters the forest for resting and sleeping.Shyness causes aversion to humans, and in largely disturbed areas, B. frontalis can become entirely nocturnal (Buchholtz 1989). There have been reported cases, though, of B. frontalis attacking and killing human pursuers that get too close (Nowak 1999). Predators of B. frontalis include tigers and humans (Buchholtz
Hystrix indica Indian crested porcupine
porcupine is common and does not face a significant threat towards its continued existence (Gurung and Singh 1996). Its adaptability to a wide range of habitats and food types helps insure their healthy populations. The main predators for this species is man and large cats. There have been recorded fatalities of tigers and leopards that were caused by the Indian porcupine as it defended itself (Prater 1965, Gurung and Singh 1996
Homo sapiens human
Humans have few natural predators and often sit at or near the top of the food chain in regional ecosystems. Humans are sometimes opportunistically preyed on by large wild cats, such as tigers (Panthera tigris) and lions (Panthera leo). Other instances of large, carnivorous animals eating humans are often cases of mistaken identity or are opportunistic events. This includes cases involving large sharks, bears, monitor lizards, and crocodiles. Humans act as top predators in many ecosystems, although they are
Catopuma temminckii Asiatic golden cat
medicinal purposes. Their pelt is also traded, though illegal. In local superstition, it is believed that carrying a piece of their hair or burning the pelt of Asian golden cats drives tigers away. Asian golden cats have been known to prey on domesticated livestock, such as poultry, sheep, and goats. Asian golden cats are listed as near threatened on the IUCN Red List, endangered on the US Federal list, and on Appendix I by CITES. Populations are decreasing, in part due to habitat destruction from logging
Hylephila phyleus fiery skipper
lacewings, ladybird beetles, assasin bugs, carabid beetles, spiders, ants, and wasps (Vespidae, Pompilidae, and others) prey upon the larvae. Adult butterflies are eaten by robber flies, ambush bugs, spiders, dragonflies, ants, wasps (Vespidae and Sphecidae), and tiger beetles. The sundew plant is known to catch some butterflies. Fiery skippers are minor pollinators and also serve as prey for a variety of predators. In regions where fiery skippers are less common, they may attract butterfly enthusiasts who
and wasps (Vespidae, Pompilidae, and others) prey upon the larvae. Adult butterflies are eaten by robber flies, ambush bugs, spiders, dragonflies, ants, wasps (Vespidae and Sphecidae), and tiger beetles. The sundew plant is known to catch some butterflies. There are also many vertebrate predators including lizards, frogs, toads, birds, mice, and other rodents. Peck's skippers serve as minor pollinators and as prey for a variety of predators. Peck's skippers provide enjoyment to butterfly watchers and thus
Tetracerus quadricornis four-horned antelope
1995; Macdonald, 1984). T. quadricornis is primarily a grazer. The primary foods of these antelope are grasses, shoots, and fruit. They are rarely found far from water (Nowak, 1995). The predators of T. quadricornis are tigers, leopards, wolves, dhole, and small cats. Information on anti-predator adaptations are not available, but they are likely to rely primarily on vigilance and speed to escape predators. The role of this species within its ecosystem has not been evaluated. Because it is a prey species
Axis axis chital
The axis deer occurs historically in India and Ceylon. They have been introduced to Texas and Hawaii. In their native lands, the deer occupy grasslands and very rarely move into areas of dense jungle that may occur adjacent to them. Short grasslands are an important area for them due to a lack of cover for predators such as the tiger (Moe and Wegge, 1994). Riverine forests within the Bardia National Park in lowland Nepal are highly utilized by the deer for shade and cover during the dry season. The forest
Hyaena hyaena striped hyena
The loser of the competition displays submission by the anal presentation. The striped hyena is not a favored prey species of any predator. They keep a safe distance, usually around 50 meters, from larger, carnivorous mammals like lions and tigers. They also have the ability to chase or keep leopards and cheetahs away from food sources. The striped hyena behaves submissively towards the larger spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta, and will allow spotted hyenas to steal its food. The striped hyena is predominantly
Albula vulpes Macabi; Parra; Piojo; Sanducha
tiger sharks, Galeocerdo cuvier, bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo and lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris). Humans (Homo sapiens) are another source of predation. In Florida waters, bonefish are protected and only one fish per day is allowed per angler. Bonefish play an important role the food chain in their ecosystem. As predators, they play a role in keeping smaller fish and crustacean populations in check. As prey, A. vulpes provides a food source for their predators, including sharks and barracudas
and tiger beetles. The sundew plant is known to catch some butterflies. There are also many vertebrate predators including lizards, frogs, toads, birds, mice, and other rodents. Orange sulphurs serve as minor pollinators and prey for many species of predators. Orange sulphurs provide enjoyment of people interested in butterfly watching. Orange sulphur caterpillars can be serious pests on alfalfa crops. Orange sulphurs are stable rangewide. Other common names include alfalfa suphur, alfalfa caterpillar
Moschiola meminna Indian spotted chevrotain
the forest floor. M. meminna are ruminants with a three-chambered simple stomach. The selection of a very digestible diet allows rapid fermentation and swift passage through the gut, which in turn aids in rapid and efficient digestion. Small forest ungulates like Indian chevrotains are presumed to rely on their cryptic appearance and dense vegetation cover to avoid detection by predators. Indian chevrotains are common prey for dholes (Cuon alpines), tigers (Panthera tigris), and leopards (Panthera pardus