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Carnivora carnivores
Members of the mammalian order Carnivora are the descendants of a successful late Paleocene radiation of mammals whose primitive food habits were carnivorous. The name "Carnivora" is sometimes taken to mean that members of this group are all carnivorous or that all carnivorous mammals are members of this group. This is not so. Members of Carnivora have diverse food habits, although many are primarily carnivorous, and carnivory is widely distributed in mammals, being found in many other orders including bats
Eupleridae Malagasy carnivores
The family Eupleridae, the Malagasy carnivores, consists of eight species and seven genera in two subfamilies. The diversity of form and function in this family is such that some have suggested it be split into several families. Species in the family Eupleridae are restricted to the island of Madagascar. Euplerids live in a variety of habitats, from humid forests, marshes, bogs, and swamps, to deserts and savannahs. Aside from molecular synapomorphies, euplerids have few traits in common. They tend to have
Dasyuromorphia dasyuroid marsupials and marsupial carnivores
Dasyuromorphia.The early radiation of Dasyuromorphia was comprised mostly of “primitive” thylacinids,ranging in size from that of a small dog to approximately 65 pounds. Thylacinids were dominant carnivores throughout Australia, New Guinea, and Tasmania until the Miocene, when the population began to decline, likely because of competition from other large carnivorous marsupials. Only one species survived to modernity: the Tasmanian wolf. Disappearance of this species from the mainland of Australia and
Genetta genetta common genet; small-spotted genet
ancestor of the carnivores. Although the genets are very catlike, they also display some primitive features of this ancestor, making them an interesting study for people interested in carnivore evolution. It is suggested that others interested in this topic also research the civets, palm civets and linsangs for more information on viverrids
Alaska-California low intertidal-shallow sublittoral rocky coast dioecious and oviparous. These anemones are solitary, lack a medusa stage, and are sessile. This species is carnivorous, using nematocysts to paralize prey. They feed on relatively large organisms. Neptunea pribiloffenses, a snail, lay eggs by Tealia crassicornis because the anemones eat sea urchins that prey on the snails' eggs
Linguatula serrata tongueworm
the definitive, carnivorous host feeds upon the intermediate host when the larvae are in their third stage, the carnivore acquires the parasite. The larvae develop to their adult stage in the nasopharynx of the carnivorous mammals and mate. Although sexually dimorphic, larger females attempt to find similarly sized males to mate. Linguatula serrata females mate once over the course of their lifetime, but due to huge spermathecal storage and oocytes continuously being ejected from the ovary, females can lay
Mustelidae badgers, otters, weasels, and relatives
terrestrial, aquatic, and arboreal habitats. Some species regularly prey on animals larger than themselves. Some species have been known to store food (e.g., Mustela, Gulo). Mustelids are generally small carnivores, and are therefore subject to predation by larger carnivores such as canids with which they co-occur. They may also fall prey to large snakes (Serpentes), raptors (Falconiformes), and owls (Strigiformes). Some mustelids secrete noxious chemicals to discourage predators. In some of these species
Genetta aquatic genet; genets
Genetta refers to a grouping of 17 species of mammals known as genets within the family Viverridae, which primarily consists of genets and civets. Each species within Genetta is classified as a carnivore and almost exclusively inhabits the African continent in a variety of habitats that range from the forests to the savanna. The most widely studied genet--Genetta genetta, or "common genet",-- has been known to inhabit parts of Europe and Western Asia (Roberts et al., 2007). Genets can be identified by their
Bassaricyon gabbii olingo
altricial, and like most carnivores, are born with their eyes closed. Birth weight is around 55 g. By about 27 days of age, the eyes of the young have opened. Solid food may be consumed as young as 2 months of age. By 21 to 24 months of age, B. gabbii has reached sexual maturity. Male parental care has not been reported for these animals. Females, like females of other mammalian species, take care of infants, providing them with milk, grooming, and protection. Young begin to consume solid food by about 2
Arctogalidia trivirgata small-toothed palm civet
perception of small-toothed palm civets. However, females have perineal scent glands that are used for chemical signaling during mating and breeding periods. While listed as a carnivore and known to prey on a wide range of small mammals, small-toothed palm civets are often seen eating an array of fruits. Due to the development and arrangement of their teeth it is assumed that fruit is the most important item in their diet. The rows of teeth for this species are unique to the carnivore order. The first and
The female attaches capsule-like structures to rock or old shell. Each capsule contains several dozen eggs for the young snails to feed upon. The capsule contains 5-6 circular rims, and they are laid in clumps. The young emerge and are an orange color, approximately 3.5 inches in diameter. Florida horse conchs are usually solitary creatures. The Florida horse conch are carnivores that feed on bivalves and other snails. Florida horse conchs are used as food and are said to taste "peppery." They also eat
Bdeogale nigripes black-footed mongoose
M 2/2 = 36 – 40. The dentition and skulls of B. nigripes are less specialized than the more carnivorous mustelids.(Nowak, 1999; Rosevear, 1974) See Reproduction. The mating system and behavior of this species has not been characterized. B. nigripes have 1 young per litter. Mating occurs during the dry season of West Africa and the young are born between November and January. (Nowak, 1999; Rosevear 1974) Although the parental care of this species has not been described, it is reasonable to assume that the
Prionailurus bengalensis leopard cat
meat and fur. Leopard cats are predators. They prey upon a number of small vertebrate species, such as rodents, possibly helping control pest populations. On islands, they are often the only primarily carnivorous species present. They are prey for larger carnivores and may be carriers of Feline Immunodeficiency virus, which can be transmitted to domestic cats. Parasites specific to this species have not been documented. Leopard cats are excellent hunters and prey upon small vertebrate pests in rural and
B. malayi occupies the stomach, thorax muscles, and the proboscis. When the mosquito bites a human, monkey, domestic cats, or forest carnivores, which are the only definitive hosts it enters the wound where it migrates to the lymphatic system through the blood stream were it remains throughout its adult life. Adult Brugia malayi are long and slender with a smooth cuticle, kinked, and has a long cephalic space having a length:width ratio of about 2:1. The head is slightly swollen and has two circles of well
Nandiniidae African palm civet
The family Nandiniidae contains just one genus and species, Nandinia binotata, the African palm civet. African palm civets are distributed across sub-Saharan Africa, from southern Sudan to Guinea-Bissau and southward to eastern Zimbabwe and northern Angola. African palm civets are forest-dwelling mammals that spend the majority of their time in trees. Occasionally they cross open areas in search of food. African palm civets are small, muscular carnivores, with powerful limbs and long, sturdy tails suited to
Choerodon fasciatus Harlequin tuskfish
unknown. Choerodon fasciatus is not a dangerous species (Randall, et al, 1990). Choerodon fasciatus like all other fishes uses the lateral line system to detect water movement (Tiscali, 2004). Choerodon fasciatus does have eyes so probably uses its eyesight to find food. Choerodon fasciatus is a carnivore. It feeds aquatic worms, crustaceans, echinoderms, and mollusks (Randall,et al, 1990). Choerodon faciatus has some anti-predator adaptations. It is very brightly colored which is a warning to potential
Microsciurus flaviventer Amazon dwarf squirrel
short distance before they retreat (Nowak, 1999). The Amazon dwarf squirrel forages for arthropods by searching actively over large trunks, vines, and treefalls. They also feed on a substance that is scraped from the bark of trees (Emmons, 1997). They also feed on fruits and nuts of palms (Nowak, 1999). In general, small rodents are frequently on the menu for carnivores, birds of prey, and oportunistic carnivorous animals of all sorts. Although there are no specific reports of predation on this species, it
Mungos gambianus Gambian mongoose
Mungos gambianus or Gambian mongooses, are endemic carnivores of West Africa, restricted from Gambia to Senegal in the northern range. Gambian mongooses also occur east to west, as far as Nigeria, limited by the natural eastern barrier formed by the Niger River. Records of Gambian mongooses exist for Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana and Togo. Gambian mongooses primarily inhabit dry to semi-moist habitats in both woodlands and savannahs and have been documented in grasslands
Lithobates areolatus areolatus Southern Crawfish Frog
the lake or pond by keeping its front legs close to the body while using its hind legs to propel itself forward. Male R. areolata produce calls to attract females in the mating season. The male's breeding call is a loud, deep snore, and it is known to sound as if he is saying "waaaaaater." Rana areolata generally eats insects, as well as small crayfish, amphibians, and reptiles. Carnivorous fish will eat tadpoles of this species. It is hard to catch adult R. areolata because it lives most of its life
Mandrillus leucophaeus drill
chest which are used for marking branches. This scent marking is a form of chemical communication. Drills are omnivorous creatures that rely on fruit, leaves and invertebrates (mainly termites) as food sources. They have been known to raid the manioc and palm oil plantations in search of food. Predation on these animals probably occurs. Likely predators include leopards as well as other large carnivores. To the extent that these animals serve as prey for carnivores, they may impact carnivore populations. It
Lestodelphys halli Patagonian opossum
take a bipedal stance and produce a series of high-pitched screams. They are also known to leave their mouth ajar and snap their teeth when they are vulnerable. Patagonian opossums are primarily carnivorous, as opposed to most didelphids, which are omnivorous. Their diet consists mainly of small birds and rodents. A 70 gram animal has been observed eating a 35 gram mouse. Patagonian opossums have also been captured in traps baited with dead birds. These animals have short skulls, with long claws and teeth
Megaderma spasma lesser false vampire bat
invertebrates or lizards. When they capture prey it is brought back to the roost before being eaten. If young are present, and are old enough to eat solid food, the parents will feed them before they themselves eat. Primarily an insectivore but can be carnivorous, feeding on lizards, other small reptiles, and small rodents. No documented examples. May help control harmful insect pests. No documented examples. The Asian False Vampire Bat is not considered threatened or endangered
arm, is inserted into the female's mantle cavity, where it deposits the spermatophores. When in danger: crawls rapidly to the bottom, head supported by the arms, by pulling itself along by the arms, which are extended in all directions. Excavates by blowing water. Capable of expelling an inky cloud to confuse predators. Highly adapted for raptorial feeding and a carnivorous diet. Locate prey with their highly developed eyes, capture it with the appendages
Galidictis fasciata broad-striped mongoose
confused with the introduced carnivore Viverricula indica which has similar coloration. Galidictis fasciata can be identified by its distinctive grey-beige pelage extending to the under-belly. The body has about five longitudinal dark brown or black stripes that are broader than the creamy-beige spaces separating them, and continue from the nape dorsally to about one third the length of the tail. The top of the head is darker than the cheeks, chin and throat. The very distinctive tails are a creamy white
Galidia elegans ring-tailed mongoose
that they may be monogamous, although there are no data to confirm this. Ring-tailed mongooses mate from April to November. After a gestation period of from 72 to 91 days, females give birth to a single offspring. Births occur between July and February. The young reach adult size at about one year of age, and reproductive maturity is attained in their second year. No information is available detailing parental care in this species. However, it is likely that, as is the case for most carnivores, the young
Mustela putorius European polecat
strongly defend their territory. They are primarily nocturnal although females with young have been known to forage during the day. Their sense of vision is not very acute; they rely mainly on their sense of smell to track and kill prey. Mustela putorius is carnivorous and generally preys on rodents and rabbits. It is a testament to the polecat's ferocity that it can and will take down a rabbit that is much larger than itself. Should food become scarce, polecats also eat insects and fruit, though they are
Prionodon pardicolor spotted linsang
Prionodon pardicolor is native to most of mainland Southeast Asia, from India (Assam) to Vietnam, but has disappeared from much of its former range. It is no longer found in Sikkim and Thailand. Spotted linsangs occupy dense tropical forests. They have also been seen in areas with drier conditions. Prionodon pardicolor is a long, thin, cat-like, arboreal carnivore. It is 38 to 41 cm long from the tip of the nose to the base of the tail. The tail is 33 to 35 cm long. There are no reported differences in size
liquid that the beetle ejects through the anus if it is being seized. The main toxins that this species uses in defense are benzoic acid and various derivatives. (Evans and Bellamy 1996, Crowson 1981) Beetles of this family eat on several aquatic animals, including fish! Adults and larva are very carnivorous and search for their prey by diving and swimming actively through zones in the water where light reaches. (Borror and White 1970, Gullan and Cranstan 1994) European scientists are trying to extend
currents will stimulate the cercariae to swim after this prospective host Bristles and small spines probably act as tactile receptors, and these animals also may have reduced chemoreceptors. Adult Alaria americana are endoparasitic and are located in the small intestine of carnivorous mammals, specifically species of the family Canidae. In their developing stages, they may be found in several intermediate hosts including planorbid snails, tadpoles, and water snakes. Adult flukes lack a mouth for feeding as
Deirochelys reticularia Chicken Turtle
Males use tactile communication to make females receptive to copulation. As in most turtles, chicken turtles use vision, touch, and chemical cues to perceive their environment. They are wary when basking. Chicken turtles are omnivorous, though they are somewhat more carnivorous than other turtle species. During their first year of life they may be almost completely carnivorous. Chicken turtles in South Carolina were found to be completely carnivorous during June and July (Buhlmann and Demuth, 1997). They
Bycanistes subcylindricus grey-cheeked hornbill
alone or in flocks, occasionally raid weaver colonies (Ploceidae) or Egyptian rousette bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) roosts and have also been reported feeding on various species of galagos (Galago). They are frequently seen foraging alongside monkeys or squirrels. Carnivores, apes, monkeys, snakes, raptors, and humans all prey on these hornbills. The placement of their nests high off the ground helps reduce much nest predation by carnivores, but raptors such as crowned eagles (Harpyhaliaetus coronatus
insignis are North American carnivores which are usually semi-aquatic. These include, mink, raccoon, otter, fisher, and occasionally domestic dogs. Upon reaching the definitive host, D. insignis undergoes two molts before reaching adulthood. The molt to the fourth stage takes place after one to two weeks after being ingested by the definitive host. Males will have completed the final molt to adulthood after approximately sixty days while females mature in sixty-five to seventy days. By 120 to 270 days, most
Arctictis binturong binturong
ear tufts protrude from small rounded ears. Their eyes are small and reddish brown. Binturongs are one of two carnivorous species that have a prehensile tail. Their third and fourth digits are syndactylous (Wemmer and Murtaugh, 1981). Little research has been done regarding the mating systems of binturongs. Michael Zwirn reported in 2011 that the father of a mated pair remained with the mother and young after birth, so a monogamous system is most likely. However, the male doesn't always stay and help the
Poiana richardsonii African linsang
in that the former are missing the last upper molar, whereas genets still have this tooth. The mating system of P. richardsonii has not been studied. Little is known about reproduction of African linsangs, except that they can have 1 to 2 litters per year and 2 to 3 young per litter. An individual female was noted lactating in October. Nothing is currently known about the parental care of African linsangs. However, as mammals, we may assume that the female provides her young with milk. Most carnivores are
Hemigalus derbyanus banded palm civet
scent marking have been observed in this species. Social behavior includes grooming and pacing, and a keen sense of smell plays a role in identification among individuals. Vocal communication is prevalent in captivity and includes hissing, spitting, cooing, whining and growling. Banded palm civets are primarily carnivores, hunting for prey in trees, near streams or on the forest floor. Much of their diet consists of locusts and worms, but they also eat crustaceans, aquatic and terrestrial snails, spiders
Mustela strigidorsa black-striped weasel
sighted. Stripe-backed weasels typically have body lengths of 30 to 36 cm. The tail of this mustelid is long, measuring 18 to 20 cm. The body mass of stripe-backed weasels is estimated between 1 to 2 kg. Stripe-backed weasels are largely reddish brown and have a distinctive, thin, cream coloured stripe from their mid-nape, down the center of their back and onto the first third of their tails. This trait is diagnostic and not seen in other carnivores. Stripe-backed weasels' chins and chests are also a yellow
Anguilla rostrata Common eel; Elver (joven); Freshwater eel
tracking methods, adult eels are yet to be conclusively observed or captured in the presumed spawning areas in the Sargasso Sea (Sumich, 1999). The catadromous behavior of A. rostrata leads to a diverse range of behaviors linked to the life cycle stage of the animal. The leptocephalus larvae drift toward coastal waters of North America for up to 18 months, developing into more avid carnivorous elvers upon reaching the coastal estuarine waters (NS Dept. of Fisheries website, 1999). All stages beyond the
Dactyloscopidae Sand stargazers
Dactyloscopids derive their common name, sand stargazers, from their eyes, which protrude from the tops of their heads, sometimes on stalks. Sand stargazers usually remain burrowed into the sand with only the eyes, along with the snout and sometimes the top of the head, uncovered. Members of this family occupy shallow warm waters and are carnivorous. They are small, cryptic fishes and little is known about their behavior or reproductive habits. There are nine genera in the family and about 41 species
Dendromurinae African climbing mice, fat mice, tree mice, and relatives
Dendromurines are herbivorous, carnivorous, or omnivorous. Some species primarily eat green vegetable matter, others eat only ants. Most have more varied diets, and consume seeds, nuts, fruits, buds, insects, lizards, and bird eggs and nestlings. Predators on dendromurines include owls, snakes, and mammalian carnivores. They are likely to take advantage of their nocturnal habits, agility, and vigilance to avoid predation. Dendromurines are primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers, and they are food for
little information on specific behavior of S. pelagica, except that it spends most of its life grazing for food in drifting patches of sea weed. S. pelagica is carnivorous. It usually feeds on hydroids that are living in the same Sargassum weed in which it makes its home. S. pelagica does not hunt its prey in the traditional sense, but simply floats or grazes in its particular patch of sea weeds (Hickman 1973). S. pelagica, along with almost all nudibranchs, are of very little economic importance to humans
Procyon cancrivorus crab-eating raccoon
color blind, but have excellent night vision. Their tactile senses are what separate raccoons from other carnivores. They have a well-developed sense of touch, especially in the nose and forepaws (hands), and they use their hands as tools. They use their hands to handle and manipulate food before placing it in their mouths. They are dexterous, and can manipulate small prey items. Raccoons can be observed dipping their hands in the water and “washing” their food before ingesting it. Some intelligence
Bdeogale jacksoni Jackson's mongoose
Lophuromys, g. Mus, and g. Praomys). The specific predators of Bdeogale jacksoni are unknown, however, the common predators of other members of the family Herpestidae are large carnivores and birds of prey. Since these two types of predators would be attacking from different directions (i.e., land vs sky), mongooses have formed a system of warning calls that communicates the specific direction from which a threat is coming. A number of species in the family Accipitridae (e.g. hawks, eagles, and Old World
Neophron percnopterus Egyptian vulture
recorded lifespan in captivity for an Egyptian vulture is 37 years. The lifespan of individuals in the wild is hard to determine because the birds do not always return to the same location between seasons. Social behavior of Egyptian vultures varies, depending on available resources. Numerous individuals can be found together, along with immatures birds and other carnivores, at preferred feeding locations with abundant resources. Otherwise these vultures forage alone or with their mate. In the dominance
Marmosops fuscatus gray-bellied slender mouse opossum
generalist omnivores and will opportunistically feed on what is available in their habitat. However, the majority of their diet consists of insects, non-insect arthropods, flowers, flower parts, fruits, and small vertebrates. There is limited information regarding the natural predators of dusky slender opossums. They likely serve as prey for larger carnivores, including foxes, coyotes, and snakes. To avoid detection by predators, dusky slender opossums spend much of their time in vegetative clutter. However
Tarsius bancanus western tarsier
head to rotate 180 degrees. Leaping makes up the majority of its locomotion, and it spends only 5% of its time on the ground. Tarsius bancanus is able to leap horizontal distances up to 45 times its body length, or about 5.8 meters. It is completely carnivorous and often captures prey by leaping. It prefers prey that are on tree trunks rather than on the ground, where it is less mobile. Regardless of where its prey is caught, T. bancanus returns to a tree to perch to consume its prey. Western tarsiers are
Paradoxurus jerdoni Jerdon's palm civet
Endemic to tropical rainforests along the western coast of India, brown palm civets or Jerdon’s palm civets (Paradoxurus jerdoni) are usually found in high altitudes of the Western Ghats mountain range, 21 °N to 8 °N. Brown palm civets are nocturnal, arboreal, small carnivores that thrive in the high altitude tropical rainforests of the Western Ghats in India. Brown palm civets prefer an altitudinal range of 500 to 1,300 m. This region receives an annual rainfall of approximately 1,500 mm in the eastern
Eupleres goudotii falanouc
more closely resembling insectivore teeth than the shearing-crushing teeth of most carnivores. Its head is narrow and small with a pointed muzzle. The body is relatively stocky and large (larger than a domestic cat). It has a distictive wide cylindrical tail where fat is stored for use during periods of low food abundance. The underfur is dense and covered by long gaurd hairs. The Eastern Falanouc, Eupleres goudotii goudotii, has a fawn colored dorsum with a lighter belly. In the Western Falanouc, E. g
Mustela felipei Colombian weasel
the upper Suaza river valley (Cueva de los Guacharos National Park). This part of the Suaza river contains a mixture of violent currents and quiet pools. Adult specimens have averaged 22 cm (8.7 in) in length, not counting the 11.5 cm (4.5 in) tail, and weighed 120 to 150 g (4.2 to 5.3 oz). Colombian weasels are the second smallest living carnivore, being only slightly larger than least weasels (Mustela nivalis) and slightly smaller than ermines (Mustela erminea). Colombian weasels have an elongated body
Perognathus fasciatus olive-backed pocket mouse
However, they do occasionally eat insects. Food is carried in cheek pouches until it can be transferred into the burrow. Food caching is common. Owl pellets found containing P. fasciatus suggest that owls are major predators of this species. Carnivores (such as coyotes) and reptiles (such as rattlesnakes) are also known to feed on them. Perognathus fasciatus is a host species for fleas, ticks, and mites. These animals also play a role as a prey species for owls, some carnivores, and some snakes. Through
Heterohyrax brucei hoggar hyrax; yellow-spotted hyrax
attacks them. The attentiveness and aggressive nature of hyrax are warranted, as rock python, birds of prey, leopards, and small carnivores such as mongoose may attempt to prey upon them at any time. The yellow-spotted hyrax is a generalist browser. It eats many different types of vegetation. In Zambia, a colony was reported in which individuals ate primarily the leaves of the bitter yam. This plant is typicaly used by the native in the area to make poison arrows. In Kenya, these animals have been reported