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Showing 251-293 of 293 Information results for primates
Isothrix bistriata yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat
hunted by humans, smaller primates and spectacled owls Pulsatrix perspicillata, however actual capture and feeding by small primates or spectacled owls on yellow-crowned brush-tailed rats has not been documented. A possible anti-predator mechanism in relatives of I. bistriata within the Echimyidae family is tail autotomy, or breaking off of the tail, by the spiny rats of the Proechimys semispinosus species. However, this mechanism has not been documented in I. bistriata. There is little available
Ratufa macroura Sri Lankan giant squirrel
are highly territorial (Nowak 1991, Joshua and Johnsingh 1994). These squirrels have a very distinct voice and can be very vocal (Nowak 1991). Like many primates, Ratufa macroura react to the sighting of predators by raising a general alarm, a series of calls and barks that alert others to the predator's presence (Prater 1971). When disturbed, these squirrels may flee or freeze (Joshua and Johnsingh 1994). They have been observed to flatten themselves against a branch and remain motionless when frightened
Panthera pardus leopard
leaves and soil. Their tremendous strength allows them to tackle prey up to 10 times their own weight. Leopards generally prey upon mid-sized ungulates, which includes small antelopes (Bovidae), gazelles (Gazella), deer (Cervidae), pigs (Sus), primates (Primates) and domestic livestock. They are opportunistic carnivores and eat birds (Aves), reptiles (Reptilia), rodents (Rodentia), arthropods (Arthropoda), and carrion when available. Leopards prefer prey that weigh between 10 and 40 kg. They are also known
Tupaia palawanensis Palawan tree shrew
listed on Appendix II of CITES, a holdover from when treeshrews were classified as primates. Treeshrews were originally classified in the order Insectivora, then Menotyphla, and then Primates before finally being placed in their own order, Scandentia (reviewed in Sargis, 2004). Their squirrel-like appearance lead to the misleading name of treeshrew (Martin et al., 2011). Tupaia palawanensis was formerly classified as a subspecies of Tupaia glis but is now considered a distinct species. Tupaia moellendorffi
Dipodomys venustus narrow-faced kangaroo rat
with only one adult occupying a single burrow.Unlike most members of the genus Dipodomys, D. venustus is water dependent. These animals become emaciated and will die if they do not have access to water, or have to subsist on dry seeds. This is apparently a primative characteristic for the genus. The home range size for these animals is not known. Little is known about the communication of D. venustus. However, within the genus, animals are known communicate with a combination of vocalizations, foot drumming
Petrodromus tetradactylus four-toed elephant-shrew; four-toed sengi
other orders of mammals, has always posed a problem for taxonomists. They take their common name from their elephant-like snout and their resemblance to a shrew. Originally they were placed in the order Insectivora in the family Macroscelididae even though the main trait they shared in common with Insectivores is diet. They have been grouped with tree shrews, hares, rabbits, hyraxes and primates in the past. Now it is recognized that this small group constitutes its own order, the Macroscelidea, based on
adults will eat pollinator insects that are covered in pollen, also ingesting the pollen. Adults sometimes will eat solely pollen in times of limited prey. In addition, adult females sometimes practice sexual cannibalism. Tenodera aridifolia is prey to a variety of animals, including reptiles, birds, and primates. When faced with a bird or lizard predator, T. aridifolia exhibits defensive behavior and posture, including a display called the deimatic response. The display includes elevating the prothorax
All macaques give birth to one or two young at once. Arunachal macaques should be no exception. The gestation period of other macaques varies, but is generally between 150 and 190 days. It is thus reasonable to assume that Arunachal macaque pregnancies are of similar length (Cawthon Lang, 2005). Parental care in Arunachal macaques has yet to be formally described. However, some strong inferences can be made based on the behavior of related species. All primates have altricial young, which depend heavily on
have fairly well-developed eyesight and hearing. Their vision is specialized for nocturnal behavior, with light gathering capabilities similar to a cat. Although their visual acuity is generally poor compared to primates, their ability to navigate the forest and capture prey is not hampered. They may use visual displays such as opening their mouth or curling their lips when they perceive danger. Didelphids are not generally noisy animals; however, they may chip, moan, hiss, scream, click and growl. Their
Mammalia mammals
is a key to survival and reproductive success. The strategy for these species is to invest energy and resources in a few, highly developed offspring that will grow to be good competitors. Cetaceans, primates and artiodactyls are examples of orders that follow this general pattern. Among mammals, many reproductive strategies can be observed, and the patterns listed above are the extremes of a continuum encompassing this variation. Environmental factors, as well as physiological and historical constraints all
Harpia harpyja harpy eagle
snatching prey from the canopy and are powerful enough fliers to carry their prey away to a perch to feed. Harpy eagles' main food sources are sloths and primates, but have also been known to prey upon lizards, birds, small rodents, and sometimes small deer. Harpy eagles are apex predators of their rainforest ecosystems. Hatchling harpy eagles may be at risk from predation by other harpy eagles. This type of predation is a rare occasion as the parents defend the nest and their territory. Harpy eagles are
Tupaia tana large tree shrew
in Bahasa Indonesian. Recent research suggests that tree shrews share a common ancestor with primates and could help in piecing together the evolutionary history of Homo sapiens
Cephalophus silvicultor yellow-backed duiker
fermented quickly, with rapid passage through the digestive tract. Along with fruit, yellow-backed duikers eat leaves, seeds, buds, bark, and shoots. Four yellow-backed duikers in the wild ate 71.3% fruit matter and 28.6% dry weight. Occasionally, these forest antelopes will kill and eat small animals, such as birds. Of the 28.6% dry weight, 0.1% was animal matter. Yellow-backed duikers specialize on eating fallen fruits and can consume fruits or seeds that are too large or hard for primates and other
Galidictis fasciata broad-striped mongoose
mainly dietary, from small Indian civets, Viverricula indica, as well as from feral cats and dogs, all of which have been introduced. The origin of the Malagasy mammalian fauna is a complicated mystery, mainly because of the island's poor Tertiary fossil record. The island of Madagascar has been surrounded by ocean for approximately 88 million years, which predates the age of origin for the four orders of terrestrial mammals existing on Madagascar today (carnivorans, primates, rodents and lipotyphlan
Epomophorus wahlbergi Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat
the mother caries her offspring clinging to her chest. Females have one pair of mammae located on the chest. The male sexual organ resembles that of some primates. Mating occurs twice per year on a seasonal basis, with births occurring around the end of February, and the beginning of September. Gestation lasts from five to six months. Females are the only ones who rear the young. The males don't give assistance. Other bats from the same family, (Pteropus poliocephalis, Pteropus giganteus, and Rousettus
Dipodomys compactus Gulf Coast kangaroo rat
compactus is rather small, but the population is healthy and shows no signs of decline. This species is not protected under IUCN, ESA, or CITES as of this time. Dipodomys compactus is believed to be the most primative of the extant kangaroo rats due to its tooth morphology. Also, many Dipodomys go their entire life without drinking free-standing water. They have developed a way of concentrating their urine more effectively than any other North American mammal. All of their water is metabolic or comes from
Tupaia minor pygmy tree shrew
disperser for several Ficus fig species. These forest animals are not known to have any positive economic importance on humans. These tree shrews are not known to have a negative effect on human economies. All species of Tupaiidae, including T. minor, are listed on Appendix II of CITES. It is thought that this designation was a result of the entire order Primates being added to the appendix in 1975. At that time the order still included Tupaiidae.The largest problem facing these animals is human
Pardofelis marmorata marbled cat
light. Their shorter, more rounded skull with flattened broad nasals gives them unobscured forward vision. This morphology, in combination with large, amber-colored eyes with large, vertically-oriented elliptical pupils, provides maximum light gathering ability and telescopic vision necessary to navigate in low light conditions. Marbled cats are thought to prey primarily on birds and arboreal small mammals. Mammal prey includes tree squirrels, tree shrews, rats and mice, small primates, and fruit bats
Procyon cancrivorus crab-eating raccoon
studies have placed raccoons above cats but below primates in their ability to discriminate objects. It was also observed that raccoons can learn quickly and can retain knowledge for up to a year.Male raccoons are solitary, but will tolerate other males around a feeding area. During breeding season, young males usually disperse to other areas, whereas young females stay within their mother’s home range. In general, raccoons are solitary, even where there are overlapping home ranges between the sexes
Phloeomys cumingi southern Luzon giant cloud rat
particularly favoring red leaves) and roots. Captive specimens around the world have been offered an omnivorous diet, including a wide range of plants, grains, and proteins. Plants and grains fed include rolled oats, apples, carrots, celery, lettuce, cabbage, endive, sunflower seeds, cooked reufs, primate supplement NAFAG, biscuits, bread, and Gist-o-cal supplement. The animals have been fed such diverse proteins as fortified dog food, rodent food, ground nuts, fish, bird carcasses, beef, mice, and goats
Petaurista philippensis Indian giant flying squirrel
flying squirrels are tolerant to habitat disturbances. To avoid being detected by predators, flying squirrels glide and immediately move to the other side of the tree on which they land. Their most common predators are large owls. Other predators include arboreal snakes, raccoons, martens, fishers, and domestic house cats, all of which prey mainly on juvenile flying squirrels. Black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) are a newly discovered predator. These endangered primates have been seen
Dendrohyrax arboreus eastern tree hyrax; southern tree hyrax
low for its size.Four sub-species are recognized: D. arboreus stuhlmanni, D. arboreus crawshayi, D. arboreus ruwenzorii, and D. arboreus aldofi-friederici. Ranges overlap, although some habitat differentiation has been reported where the sub-species co-occur. Milner and Harris (1999b) reported that they were unable to determine the mating system of D. arboreus, but speculate that it may be facultative monogamy/polygyny, similar to some folivorous marsupial or primate species. Nonetheless, "it was quite
Didelphis marsupialis southern opossum
compared to some primates. Common opossums have a very broad diet. Their feeding habits are often referred to as opportunistic omnivory. Their diet includes invertebrates, vertebrates, leaves, fruits, nectar and carrion. Common opossums may alter their diet seasonally, during the dry season mammals and birds are more likely consumed, whereas during the wet season they rely more heavily on fruits, snakes and toads. Regardless of the season, invertebrates are a primary staple of their diet including
Hexanchus griseus Bluntnose Sixgill Shark; Cow shark; Gray shark; Mud shark
studied or maintained in captivity, so there is no information on its lifespan in captivity. A new study is available, however, regarding the age determination of H. griseus. Previous techniques used in determining the age of H. griseus have been unsuccessful because of its poorly calcified vertebral centra (a characteristic of deep-water species and of primative families). This new study indicates that examining the neural arches on the fins of H. griseus can be useful in determining the age of this
Potos flavus kinkajou
family Procyonidae (raccoons, coatis, and their relatives). Kinkajous have distinctive features that at one time were used to place them in the order Primates as Lemur flavus. Kinkajous are arboreal and possess many adaptations common to arboreal species, such as a long, fully prehensile tail, nimble clawed fingers, and fully reversible hind feet. During terrestrial locomotion, captive kinkajous exhibit a variety of unpredictable footfall patterns yet remain graceful and feline-like when moving. Kinkajous
Leporidae hares and rabbits
of rabbits, primates, and rodents suggested that lagomorphs are more closely related to primates than to rodents. Several synapomorphies help define members of Leporidae. For example, the cheek teeth of leporids are high crowned (i.e., hypsodont) and bilophodont and some of the premolars are molariform. These adaptations are most likely the result of their herbivorous lifestyle. They also have a second set of incisors (present in all lagomorphs), which are immediately posterior to their primary incisors
Psittacus erithacus grey parrot
request, refuse, categorize, and quantify about 100 different objects. Alex also had functional use of phases and had a concept of category. African Grey Parrots have behavior patterns that match some non-human primates and that parallel combinatory development. In an experiment performed by Galef (2004), African grey parrots were observed to copy a variety of actions involving six different body parts and to associate each action with its appropriate label. This is a form of social-learning and imitation
Madoqua guentheri Günther's dik-dik
use their forelegs to pull the browse down from higher levels or stand in a bipedal position using twigs for forelimb support to obtain this food. On occasion, hooves or horns are used to dig for roots. The feeding habits of other browsers, primates, rodents and birds help to bring food within the reach of M. guentheri. These animals tend to scatter the ground with pods, buds, leaves and flowers, leaving them available for dik-diks to consume.Dik-diks typically feed from dawn until mid-morning and then
Nasua coatis
rolled between the paws to quickly kill and disarm any defenses. Vertebrate prey (Vertebrata) is usually pinned down with the claws and subdued with a bite into their skulls. Major predators of coatis are large raptors (Falconiformes), non-avian reptiles (Reptilia), and large felids (Felidae). Primates also tend to be predators of coatis, specifically Humans (Homo sapiens) and Capuchin monkeys (Cebus) which target coati nests. Primates along with other predators can kill up to 84% of coati juveniles in
Metatheria marsupial mammals
placental mammals (e.g., marsupials with similar morphologies and life histories as moles, anteaters, shrews, primates, carnivores, and many others). Some marsupial life histories and morphologies are seemingly without placental mammal parallels, for example, kangaroos. Past marsupial faunas were even more incredible. In Australia, for example, were rhinoceros-sized marsupial herbivores, kangaroos nearly 10 feet tall, and carnivorous lion-like forms with shearing teeth and retractile claws. In South America
Didelphidae American opossums and opossums
species typically was most acute at 8 to 64 kHz. Regardless, didelphids communicate vocally during breeding season and to maintain contact with their young. Young didelphids may produce bird-like screams and adult females may produce clicking and lip smacking sounds. Didelphids have fairly well-developed eyesight, as is evident from their ability to capture prey and walk on narrow vines. As compared to other groups, such as primates, their visual acuity is fairly poor, although some species are able to
Pteropodidae Old World fruit bats; flying foxes
Primates. Juveniles are typically naked or have a velvety coat that is darker than adult pelage. Mating behavior in pteropodids is highly variable, and much is unknown. The males of one genus (Hypsignathus) set up lekking territories twice a year and draw in females with unique vocalizations and wing-flapping displays. Male epauletted fruit bats (genus Epomophorus) often display their concealed epaulets (hair tufts near the shoulder) and emit courting calls to attract females. Many species form harems
Python reticulatus Reticulated Python
pythons being captured in the pet trading market to be sold all over the planet. Reticulated pythons hunt small rodents near farmlands which farmers encourage because it helps reduce rodents interacting with crops. The reticulated python is able to ingest a large mass of food in one instance which makes it a danger to mammals and primates. Although it's not common, attacks on humans from reticulated pythons are prevalent where humans are forest-dwelling or live hunter-gatherer lifestyles. The reticulated
Saccopteryx bilineata greater sac-winged bat
point juveniles becomes fully independent. Adult males, despite having no direct parental investment, are important in how juveniles learn and practice vocalizations. Using bat detectors, researchers discovered that juveniles appear to mix rudimentary elements of several call types much in the same way many juvenile birds and infant humans babble incoherently when first learning to communicate (only documented case of babbling in a mammalian species outside of primates). The record lifespan for Saccopteryx
Cetacea dolphins, porpoises, and whales
beaked whales (Ziphiidae), males have enlarged, protruding teeth that may be used in aggressive male-male encounters. Some cetaceans are thought to be the most intelligent non-primates and many have proportionately large brains. They also have remarkably efficient lungs and circulatory systems, allowing them to dive for extended periods of time. Cetaceans use about 12% of the oxygen that they inhale, compared to 4% used by terrestrial mammals. They also have at least twice as many erythrocytes and myoglobin
Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis fat-tailed pseudantechinus
are little studied, but in other small dasyurids, females exhibit mating squeaks that are reciprocated by males and followed by sudden movement. Tactile responses are common between a male and female while mating and between a female and her young in the pouch.It is predicted that Australian marsupials have trichromatic vision (and are thus able to see in color due to a combination of red, blue, and green rods, similar to primates), but further research is needed to confirm that this is the case for this
Carnivora carnivores
marsupial mammals, primates, and dolphins and whales.We recognize 13 extant families and around 270 species of Carnivora. Carnivores are distributed across the world, on all major land masses (except possibly Australia, where the only terrestrial member of Carnivora, dingos (Canis lupus dingo), may have been brought by man) and in all oceans. Carnivores occupy just about every type of terrestrial habitat, and many aquatic habitats as well, from the tropics to the poles. They live in forests, deserts
Tupaia tree shrews
any family of shrews (order Eulipotyphla). Treeshrews were also once thought to be grouped with squirrels (order Rodentia), culogos (order Dermoptera), or primates due to their morphological similarities. Eventually, treeshrews were placed in the now-abandoned order Insectivora.Data from extensive DNA and morphological analysis has suggested that treeshrews should be classified in their own group, order Scandentia. Initially, Scandentia had one family (family Tupaiidae) and two subfamilies (Tupaiinae and
Bovidae antelopes, cattle, gazelles, goats, sheep, and relatives
used by competing males, are used to drive off predators and warn herd members. Domesticated bovids are known to vocalize in anticipation of food and native Korean cows vocalize before being fed. Unlike primates and many carnivorous mammals, bovids are fairly limited in their ability to convey information via facial expressions, thus they rely heavily on postural displays to communicate their intentions. When attempting to communicate dominance or aggression towards competitors or lower ranking individuals
Phyllostomidae New World leaf-nosed bats
molars are similar to those of Neotropical primates. They often have brightly colored pelage, with a well-developed noseleaf and no tail. Nectivorous species, such as Glossophaginae and Brachyphyllinae are small with long, narrow snouts. They have extremely long tongues tipped with brush-like structures to help them collect pollen and nectar. Their teeth are often small, which helps their tongue move. Members of subfamily Glossophaginae also have round ears, facial whiskers and noseleaves. Likewise
Apis mellifera honey bee
bees and wasps, as do many mustelids such as the tayra in the Neotropics and especially the honey badger of Africa and southern and western Asia. In the Western Hemisphere skunks, armadillos and anteaters also raid hives, as do pangolins (Manis) in Africa. Large primates, including baboons, chimpanzees (< >) and gorillas are reported to attack hives too. Smaller mammals such as mice (Mus) and rats (Rattus) will burrow into hives as well.Some insects are predators in hives as well, including wax moth larvae
highly contagious intestinal disease. Both of these diseases can be easily spread to other canids through feces. Other individuals have tested positive for canine parvovirus, another intestinal disease that can spread to other canids, and canine distemper virus, a virus that affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Canine distemper virus is an especially noteworthy disease because it can infect all sorts of other animals, including other canids, felids, and some primates. Other
Actinopterygii ray-finned fishes
individuals. Some researcher believe that the cognitive ability of some fishes is even comparable to that of non-human primates. Based on feeding habits, researchers broadly classify ray-finned fishes as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, zooplanktivores and detrivores. There is considerable nuance within each of these categories because many fish are opportunistic feeders – they tend to consume whatever is around, especially when food is scarce. However, primary feeding habits are often associated with